Open-source enthusiasts Jeremiah Wagstaff and Nazar Mokrynskyi—an unlikely duo of protocol hackers—meet on GitHub.

Sharing a dream of building a community-owned, decentralized base layer for the easy development of Internet-scale dApps, where users control their own data, they co-found Subspace Labs.

Funded by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Web3 Foundation, they engage in R&D for more than 3 years.

Subspace Labs releases the farmer’s dilemma whitepaper and announces the launch of the Subspace Network—a hyper-scalable, eco-friendly and permissionless blockchain—raising $4.5 million in seed funding.

Based on a novel PoAS consensus protocol, this 4th-generation Layer-1 would scale as the number of users grew, and allow anyone to participate using their off-the-shelf PC—in line with Nakamoto’s original vision. These foundations would also allow Subspace to offer the first truly scalable permanent distributed storage network (DSN) for web3.

An enlarged international team begins developing decoupled modular computation environments (domains) on the network, now secured by the burgeoning Subspace community.

30,000+ live nodes distributed across 60+ countries participate concurrently in the Gemini II incentivized testnet, pledging 1.3PiB+ space to the network, following the successful Aries and Gemini testnets.

Subspace offers web3’s first dynamically available permanent distributed storage network (DSN), archiving the entire Polkadot Network and its parachains. Pantera Capital leads a $33 million strategic funding round for Subspace Labs, alongside Coinbase Ventures, ConsenSys Mesh, Alumni Ventures, Crypto.com Capital, Hypersphere Ventures, Stratos Technologies, and others.

Subspace launches the global Ambassador Program and onboards its inaugural cohort, catalyzing rapid community growth.

Subspace Labs deploys the domain layer, as well as the first domain—Nova, our Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) runtime—on the Gemini III testnet. Our first Stake Wars welcomes 1000+ operators and 3000+ nominators to the network.

Our offering of both storage and modular compute is unique in the web3 industry.

Anticipating the significant potential of the nascent decentralized AI (deAI) ecosystem, and its need for a scalable, decentralized data storage and compute network for training, inference and agentic workflows, the team initiates a strategic pivot towards deAI.

Our final incentivized testnet Gemini 3h ends with 10,000+ farmers pledging 150PiB+ in storage.

Subspace rebrands to Autonomys to reflect our new dual goals of providing radical autonomy to humans and bounded autonomy to AI.

Our refined roadmap positions the Autonomys Network as not only the permanent DSN for deAI data, but the foundation layer for AI3.0. Autonomys Labs begins architecting the creation of the Auto Suite, and its first primitive Auto ID—a self-sovereign identity framework—atop the Autonomys AI3.0 stack.